Model of Innovative Wayang Wong for Millenial Generation to Meet 4.0 Industrial Revolution Era in Bali

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 999-1004

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

Model of Innovative Wayang Wong for Millenial

Generation to Meet 4.0 Industrial Revolution

Era in Bali

Ni Made Ruastiti *,I Komang Sudirga *, I Gede Yudarta *

Performing Arts, Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Received: 15/01/2020

Accepted: 18/03/2020

Published: 20/09/2020

Abstract

This study aims to develop an innovative Wayang Wong Performing Arts model for millennial to meet the 4.0 industrial revolution

in Bali. This research was inspired by the imbalance between assumptions and reality in the field. Supposedly, Wayang Wong, as one of

the local wisdom in the form of performing arts, is in demand in the community. However, the reality is different. This research was

conducted by integrating qualitative and quantitative methods through several stages of development. The research model design was

applied by means of participatory observation, and in-depth interviews targeting millennials (teenagers and children) in Bali. The

conclusion of the research is a model of Innovative Wayang Wong that was developed by a new perspective regarding the millennial

generation need with a new creation and new meanings. The Innovative Wayang Wong performing arts is expected to have an impact

on the sustainability of this performance art, which will indirectly strengthen the children’s national character

Keyword: Model, Innovative Wayang Wong, Millenial Generation, 4.0 Industrial Revolutions

Introduction¹

in the development and transformation of traditional industries.

Economic capital can also be realized through the character

building of the community concerned. The fourth industrial

revolution, and hence the 4.0, will come about via the Internet

of Things and the Internet of services becoming integrated with

the manufacturing environment (3). Through the character

building, the community empowerment will realize the

economic capital that can flow within the social structure;

therefore, it can be used as a basis for moving the economy

towards the usefulness of the community's life. Fourth

Industrial Revolution is unprecedented and possesses a whole

range of peculiarities, as compared to previous industrial

revolutions (4). Only if humanity appropriates fixed digital

capital, turns it and sublets it into a means for the end of

humanist socialism and socialist humanism. Creating an

innovative interactive orientation program creates a balance of

human and technology (5). It is the same case as the use of the

Wayang Wong performing art which has recently begun to be

marginalized from the social and economic capital of the

people in the era of the 4.0 industrial revolution in Bali.

Generational differences have been overlooked in the

development of new approaches to learning and clinical

practice.

In the era of the 4.0 industrial revolution, there are many

shifts and changes. Revolution has the meaning of a quick

change towards progress or establishment. Human labor is

replaced by automation and digitalization of machines. A lot of

human work opportunities eventually disappear. Within this

discussion, the interaction between humans and machine is of

particular relevance for Industries 4.0. Industry 4.0 adds to a

better understanding of the relationship between manufacturing

and politics as well as technological change in manufacturing

(

1). This phenomenon also occurs in the realm of the Balinese

performing arts. An example is the performances of the

performing arts in the context of tourism at several hotels in

Bali. Many Balinese performing arts should be displayed in an

intact fashion, completed with castrated gamelan. What is

meant is that when the Balinese dance is performed for tourists,

the performance is frequently displayed using cassettes or CDs

only. This phenomenon certainly shifts the role played by and

employment opportunities of humans as the musicians

accompanying the dances performed. In other words, in this

context there has been a shift in the role played by humans;

instead, technology is used to reduce the production cost in

order to obtain greater profits. Technology advances continue

to grow very rapidly and gave birth to the digital society (2).

The industrial revolution that prioritizes the value of the

community’s economic growth through community

empowerment will be able to build harmony and synergic

cooperation to develop the economy of the community

concerned. Industry 4.0 is considered to have an important role

In the context of the information technology revolution and

the mix of generations (6). This research was inspired by the

imbalance between assumption and reality in the field.

Supposedly, Wayang Wong, as one of the local wisdom, is in

demand in the community. However, the reality is different.

Although this performance art is local wisdom that contains

many great cultural values, the reality shows that this

Corresponding authors: (a) Ni Made Ruastiti, Performing Arts, Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. E-mail:

nimaderuastiti@gmail.com. (b) I Komang Sudirga, Performing Arts, Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. E-mail:

sudirgakomang@yahoo.com. (c) I Gede Yudarta, Performing Arts, Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. E-mail:

yudartagede67@gmail.com.

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 999-1004

performance art is only sought after by the elderly group of

people. Local wisdom can contribute to specialization and style

specifications in the form of social practice (7). Local wisdom

can influence the existence of cultural meanings, social

meanings and economic meanings (8,9). Difficulties in finding

the next generation and the lack of the young generation’s

interest in pursuing this performance cause it to be increasingly

marginalized and endangered in Bali. In fact, Bali is an island

of paradise. It is a tourist destination that relies on cultural arts

as tourist attractions. Therefore, conservation efforts need to be

made through a strategic approach so that the Wayang Wong is

sought after by the wider community; especially the younger

generation as the nation’s successor.

Wayang Wong is a traditional Balinese performing art

presented in the form of a drama. Wayang Wong comes from

the words Wayang and Wong. Wayang can be interpreted as

icons or figures initially displayed using leather. Wayang is

made from carved cow leather. This form of theater has a

specific story (10). The wayang form is adapted to the character

presented in the performance; i.e. the character of Ramayana.

Wayang Kulit performance is accompanied by the gamelan

gender Wayang. Over time, a new performing art inspired by

the Wayang Kulit emerges, which is called Wayang Wong

performance because the character and musical

accompaniment of the performance are the same as those in the

Wayang Kulit performance; the difference is only that the

Wayang Wong is played by humans.

The Wayang Wong performance featuring the character

Ramayana is presented in the form of a drama accompanied by

gamelan battle. Generally, the dancers of the Wayang Wong

performance are adults or elder people only. Each player

dances wearing a mask while having dialogues in Kawi

Language which is translated by the characters referred to as

panakawan named Sangut, Delem, Merdah and Tualen. The

difficulty of the language material and the dialogue used in

performing art has caused Wayang Wong with its noble values

to keep being marginalized. The lack of interest of the

community in becoming the performers causes this type of

performance to be able to be performed by certain groups such

as adults or elder people in the context of ceremonies. To keep

Wayang Wong performance sustainable, the local people are

made to oblige their citizens to perform this performing art in

every ritual that they carry out in every six months or even once

a year in their area. Yet, the audience just includes elder people.

In Bali, the performing art of Wayang Wong is developing

among others in North Bali including Tejakula Village and

Anturan Village of Buleleng Regency. Meanwhile, in South

Bali, it is developing among others in Tunjuk Village of

Tabanan Regency, Tonja Village of Denpasar and Tanjung

Benoa Village of Badung Regency. The model of the

Innovative Wayang Wong performance will be developed

throughout Bali by targeting the performing art studios in the

area. The development of this performing art model is a

strategic step to preserve the local cultural arts while

strengthening the national character in this globalization era.

The preservation of the local arts will be more effective if it

empowers the community by involving young people in all

aspects of activities directly related to the Wayang Wong

performing art and the process of organizing the performance.

In addition, the development of this art model of the innovative

Wayang Wong, Bali, as a tourist destination, can empower the

local communities and can develop all aspects of life. As a

tourist destination, Bali is known for its cultural tourism. The

selection of Wayang Wong art as a cultural manifestation is not

spared because the performing arts containing these precious

values have never been touched by the millennial (children and

teenagers).

Millennials is a generation that is flexible and likes

freedom, but not unlimited freedom (11). Millennial genes are

known to be generation-saving compared to other generations.

Millennial is known to require self-affirmation which among

them is mostly granted or accommodated through the

mediation of facilities and infrastructure from industry 4.0 (12).

By presenting this performance art, the players and the

audience or tourists will be able to grasp the meaning and

philosophy of the characters universally performed. The youth

believe that such content represents the truth and try to defend

it as hard as possible (13).

The composition of a particular shape design can provide a

different response (14). The strategic position of Bali as a

tourist destination opens opportunities for different

appreciation and tourism development (15). One of the

developments in tourism is to open opportunities for the

millennial generations to conduct tourism in Wayang Wong Art

synergizing different parties, namely, the community and the

government. The application of synergistic governance is

needed in the management of sustainable tourism. Synergic

governance will enable the optimal process of the community

empowerment as an effort to improve prosperity. That relations

with local governments can have an impact on social relations

and cultural sustainability. Development is a form of social

change (16). Since this innovative Wayang Wong performing

art is in the form of traditional art that has already existed, the

local community does not necessarily make major changes.

The local people also feel familiar with the Wayang Wong

performing art because they have already had this type of

performing art. In addition to active participation, the Wayang

Wong performing art requires a public appreciation for its.

However, the players (children and teenagers) need to be

equipped with skills related to it so that they and the audience

or tourists get entertained with it, get insight into and

understand the values of life through the performance of this

innovative Wayang Wong art. The values of local wisdom can

be obtained through Wayang Wong about Indonesian cultures,

such as the value of tough, patient, and nrimo ing pandum

sincere to reach the dream (17). The most important thing is

how children and teenagers, as players of the performance,

enjoy this benevolent performance. Thus, the impact from the

cultural side will be extended to the economic side that will

generate profits in the area through the local art and cultural

media. The application of the innovative Wayang Wong art

model in the millennial generation (children and teenagers) is a

strategic step to preserve the cultural arts and strengthen the

national character in this globalization era. The problem is: how

to apply the art model of the innovative Wayang Wong

performing art to the current millennial generation? What form

of the Innovative Wayang Wong performing art is suitably

applied to these children? What are the implications of its

performance model on them in this globalization era?

Literature Review

The Wayang Wong performance is now almost getting

extinct because