Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques
2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 853-856
The best response is not to regulate the use of AI directly, but
instead to concentrate on the rules about how personal data can
be gathered, processed and stored (6).
3
Improving Energy Resource Side and National
Industry
On the energy resources side, meeting national energy still
needs to be improved. National electricity consumption will
only reach 1,064 kWh per capita in 2018, or lower than the
average electricity consumption in developed countries which
reaches 4,000 kWh per capita. The use of EBT also needs to be
increased to achieve the target of the EBT mix of 23 percent by
2025. Until 2018, the portion of the EBT mix has only reached
8.4 percent, or about 2.5 percent (9.8 GW) of the existing
potential (441, 7 GW). The management of economic
resources, such as, food, agriculture, marine, water or energy,
is expected to supply quality raw materials to be processed into
high value-added products. However, its utilization has not
been optimal. This is indicated by the weak linkages between
up-downstream agriculture and agricultural commodity trade
deficits due to agricultural exports that still rely on oil palm. In
addition, there is a limited employment opportunities in rural
areas, low young farmers' interest, and the high level of poverty
in the agricultural sector (17-20).
The national industry also has not been able to utilize
existing resources optimally so that they are still dependent on
imports. Around 71.0 percent of total imports are imports of
raw materials and intermediate/industrial support materials.
Various attempts have been made to reduce import
dependency. Unfortunately, the results have not been
significant. One of the efforts is by attracting investment for
downstream natural resources in industrial estates (KI) and
industrial-based Special Economic Zones (KEK) especially
those built outside Java. Out of the 21 priority KI/KEK outside
Java in 2018, only 8 KI / KEK have been operating, namely
KI/KEK Sei Mangkei, KI Dumai, KI Galang Batang, KI
Ketapang, KI Bantaeng, KI Konawe, KI/KEK Palu , and KI
Morowali. The realized investment value is Rp.179.9 trillion
from 58 PMA and PMDN companies. The development of KI
and other KEK still faces challenges in land acquisition,
management, connectivity, competitive energy access, and low
investment. The capacity of national industries to process and
export high value-added products is also still limited. This
condition causes the growth of national industry added value in
the period 2015-2018 is still lower than the average national
growth. The contribution of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
of the industry also tends to stagnate at around 20.0 percent in
the last four years (21-26).
Despite the stagnant performance of the manufacturing
industry, the opportunity to drive higher economic growth in
the future is still bigger. These opportunities contributed to the
development of tourism and the creative and digital economy.
The contribution of tourism in the creation of foreign exchange
increased from USD 11.2 billion in 2014 to USD 15.2 billion
in 2017. The increase in foreign exchange was generated from
an increase in foreign tourist arrivals (tourists) to enjoy natural
and cultural tourism in Indonesia from 9.4 million people in
2014 became 15.8 million people in 2018 (27, 28). The tourist
activity also increased from 252 million people in 2014 to 277
million people in 2017. In total, the contribution of the tourism
sector to the national economy is estimated to increase from 4.2
percent in 2015 which became 4.8 percent in 2018 (29, 30).
The utilization creativity and integration of economic and
cultural resources also encourages the development of creative
economic activities. Some of the indicators include the growth
of value added creative economy which reached 4.9 percent in
2
Improving the Management of Various
Economic Resources
In the 2015-2019 period, food management showed
increased production achievements of 4.7 percent for rice, 15.2
percent for corn, and 15.0 percent for meat. The capture
fisheries production, including in 11 Fisheries Management
Areas (WPP) also increased, reaching 6.9 million tons in 2017.
Aquaculture production also increased to 16.1 million, which
included 5.7 million tons of cultured fish (including shrimp)
and 10.4 million tons of seaweed. Furthermore, salt production
in 2017 is 1.1 million tons. The improvement of food
production is also supported by the construction of water
reservoirs with a capacity of 3m3, 49 reservoirs, and the
rehabilitation of 788.6 thousand hectares of critical land. The
conservation of aquatic areas as one of the fisheries
management tools is also increased to 20.8 million hectares or
around 6.4 percent of the total area of waters covering 172
regions in 2018 (7-10).
The management and production improvement of this food
source could improve the quality of consumption and nutrition
of the community as shown by the Hope Food Pattern (PPH)
score of 90.7 / 100, and the food insecurity rate has decreased
to 7.9 percent. Community fish consumption also continues to
increase until it reaches 47.3 kg / capita / year. Community
access to improved drinking water sources also increased to
7
2.0 percent (11).
The quality of people's lives also improves with access to
better energy sources. This can be seen from the electrification
ratio (RE) which had reached 98.3 percent in the third quarter
of 2018. This achievement was supported by the expansion of
the electricity distribution network, the development, and
utilization of new and renewable energy (EBT) including
through the development of small-scale EBT, the application of
smartgrid , and the use of biofuels. The access to other energy
sources, such as gas, has also been expanded. Until 2018, a total
of 463,643 gas networks have been built (cumulative) for
households and 10,942.48 km (cumulative) for transmission
and distribution pipelines. The use of natural gas for domestic
needs is also quite good with the Domestic Market Obligation
(
(
DMO) reaching 61 percent of natural gas production in 2018
12).
Although some indicators show positive achievements, the
management of various economic resources in the future still
needs to be improved. In the management of food resources, for
example, (1) the connection between food production centers
and areas with high food demand still needs to be strengthened,
and (2) adequate supply and quality of food in vulnerable
regions of hunger, stunting, poverty and borders need to be
more focused in food management. The management of water
reserves also needs to be improved. National water reserves are
actually still in the safe category. However, special attention
needs to be given to water reserves in Java that have entered a
rare status, and in the Bali-Nusa Tenggara region which is
already stressed. The improvements also need to be made for
water quality which has tended to decline since 2015 (13-16).
2
016, with the contribution of exports reaching USD 19.9
854