Strengthening Environment Resistance for Improving Quality Growth

Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 853-856

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

ISSN: 2309-1185

Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com

Strengthening Environment Resistance for

Improving Quality Growth

Djoko Pitoyo *, Nataliya Nikolaevna Seraya , Rustem Adamovich Shichiyakh E. Laxmi

Lydia , K. Shankar

Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Sangga Buana Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia. Indonesia

Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, The Russian Federation

Professor, Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology(A), Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh,

India

Department of Computer Applications, Alagappa University, India

Received: 23/02/2020

Accepted: 07/05/2020

Published: 20/08/2020

Abstract

In line with the development of the digital economy, various environment resources at this time can be utilized with the speed of

distribution and increasingly good quality. The fast and dynamic digital economy penetration has shaped the landscape of the digital

economy in Indonesia to help the environment. Nowadays, Indonesia does not only cover the demand services for environment, e-

commerce and financial technology (Fintech), but they also provide internet of things (IoT) services. The projection of digital economy

development in Indonesia is shown by the growth of value of e-commerce environment by 1,625 percent to USD 130 billion in the 2013-

020 period. Since economics is an open system, the three main processes (extraction, processing, or production and consumption) all

involve the generation of waste that is ultimately disposed of to the environment (air, water or land). Excessive waste in inappropriate

locations and time will cause biological changes in the environment, which in turn damages animals, plants and ecosystems. If

environmental damage to human health or adversely affect human welfare, economists believe that economic pollution has occurred.

Keywords: Digital economy, Economic resources, National industry, Economic growth

Introduction¹

prison sentencing, job recruitment or credit scoring, a second

area of concern is that of algorithmic bias, the worry that when

systems are trained using historical data, they will learn and

perpetuate the existing biases. Advocates of the use of AI in

personnel departments (for example, to scan the resume of job

applicants) say using impartial machines could reduce bias. To

ensure fairness, AI systems need to be better at explaining how

they reach decisions (an area of much research); and they

should help humans make better decisions, rather than making

decisions for them. Mention AI and the term may bring to mind

visions of rampaging killer robots, like those seen in the

terminator films, or worries about widespread job losses as

machines displace humans. The reality, heading into 2019, is

more prosaic: AI lets people dictate text message instead of

typing them, or call up music from a smart speaker on the

kitchen counter. That does not mean that policymakers can

ignore AI, however. As it is applied in growing number of

areas, there are legitimate concerns about possible unintended

consequences. The immediate concern is that the scramble to

amass the data needed to train AI System is infringing on

people’s privacy (4, 5). Monitoring everything that people do

online, from shopping to reading to posting on social media,

lets Internet giants build detailed personal profiles that can be

used to target advertisements or recommend items of interest.

Economic development in the next five years is aimed to

increase economic resistance as demonstrated by the ability to

manage economic resources, and in using these resources to

produce high value-added goods and services to meet domestic

and export markets. The results are expected to encourage

quality growth as indicated by the sustainability of the carrying

capacity of economic resources that are used to improve

welfare fairly and equally (1-4). Economic development will be

carried out by two approaches, namely: (1) management of

economic resources, and (2) increasing economic value

addition. These two approaches form the basis for synergy and

integration of cross-sector policies covering the food and

agriculture sectors, maritime and fisheries, industry, tourism,

the creative economy, and the digital economy. The

implementation of these two approaches will be supported by

improvements of data to become a reference in monitoring,

evaluating development achievements, and improving the

quality of policies. The general data protection regulation, a set

of rules on data protection and privacy was a step in the right

direction, giving citizens, at least, more control over their data

(and prompting some Internet companies to extend similar

rights to all user globally). As Artificial Intelligence (AI)

systems start to be applied in areas like predictive policing,

Corresponding author: Djoko Pitoyo, Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Sangga Buana Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.

Indonesia. E-mail: djoko.pitoyo@usbypkp.ac.id.

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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 853-856

The best response is not to regulate the use of AI directly, but

instead to concentrate on the rules about how personal data can

be gathered, processed and stored (6).

Improving Energy Resource Side and National

Industry

On the energy resources side, meeting national energy still

needs to be improved. National electricity consumption will

only reach 1,064 kWh per capita in 2018, or lower than the

average electricity consumption in developed countries which

reaches 4,000 kWh per capita. The use of EBT also needs to be

increased to achieve the target of the EBT mix of 23 percent by

2025. Until 2018, the portion of the EBT mix has only reached

8.4 percent, or about 2.5 percent (9.8 GW) of the existing

potential (441, 7 GW). The management of economic

resources, such as, food, agriculture, marine, water or energy,

is expected to supply quality raw materials to be processed into

high value-added products. However, its utilization has not

been optimal. This is indicated by the weak linkages between

up-downstream agriculture and agricultural commodity trade

deficits due to agricultural exports that still rely on oil palm. In

addition, there is a limited employment opportunities in rural

areas, low young farmers' interest, and the high level of poverty

in the agricultural sector (17-20).

The national industry also has not been able to utilize

existing resources optimally so that they are still dependent on

imports. Around 71.0 percent of total imports are imports of

raw materials and intermediate/industrial support materials.

Various attempts have been made to reduce import

dependency. Unfortunately, the results have not been

significant. One of the efforts is by attracting investment for

downstream natural resources in industrial estates (KI) and

industrial-based Special Economic Zones (KEK) especially

those built outside Java. Out of the 21 priority KI/KEK outside

Java in 2018, only 8 KI / KEK have been operating, namely

KI/KEK Sei Mangkei, KI Dumai, KI Galang Batang, KI

Ketapang, KI Bantaeng, KI Konawe, KI/KEK Palu , and KI

Morowali. The realized investment value is Rp.179.9 trillion

from 58 PMA and PMDN companies. The development of KI

and other KEK still faces challenges in land acquisition,

management, connectivity, competitive energy access, and low

investment. The capacity of national industries to process and

export high value-added products is also still limited. This

condition causes the growth of national industry added value in

the period 2015-2018 is still lower than the average national

growth. The contribution of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

of the industry also tends to stagnate at around 20.0 percent in

the last four years (21-26).

Despite the stagnant performance of the manufacturing

industry, the opportunity to drive higher economic growth in

the future is still bigger. These opportunities contributed to the

development of tourism and the creative and digital economy.

The contribution of tourism in the creation of foreign exchange

increased from USD 11.2 billion in 2014 to USD 15.2 billion

in 2017. The increase in foreign exchange was generated from

an increase in foreign tourist arrivals (tourists) to enjoy natural

and cultural tourism in Indonesia from 9.4 million people in

2014 became 15.8 million people in 2018 (27, 28). The tourist

activity also increased from 252 million people in 2014 to 277

million people in 2017. In total, the contribution of the tourism

sector to the national economy is estimated to increase from 4.2

percent in 2015 which became 4.8 percent in 2018 (29, 30).

The utilization creativity and integration of economic and

cultural resources also encourages the development of creative

economic activities. Some of the indicators include the growth

of value added creative economy which reached 4.9 percent in

Improving the Management of Various

Economic Resources

In the 2015-2019 period, food management showed

increased production achievements of 4.7 percent for rice, 15.2

percent for corn, and 15.0 percent for meat. The capture

fisheries production, including in 11 Fisheries Management

Areas (WPP) also increased, reaching 6.9 million tons in 2017.

Aquaculture production also increased to 16.1 million, which

included 5.7 million tons of cultured fish (including shrimp)

and 10.4 million tons of seaweed. Furthermore, salt production

in 2017 is 1.1 million tons. The improvement of food

production is also supported by the construction of water

reservoirs with a capacity of 3m3, 49 reservoirs, and the

rehabilitation of 788.6 thousand hectares of critical land. The

conservation of aquatic areas as one of the fisheries

management tools is also increased to 20.8 million hectares or

around 6.4 percent of the total area of waters covering 172

regions in 2018 (7-10).

The management and production improvement of this food

source could improve the quality of consumption and nutrition

of the community as shown by the Hope Food Pattern (PPH)

score of 90.7 / 100, and the food insecurity rate has decreased

to 7.9 percent. Community fish consumption also continues to

increase until it reaches 47.3 kg / capita / year. Community

access to improved drinking water sources also increased to

2.0 percent (11).

The quality of people's lives also improves with access to

better energy sources. This can be seen from the electrification

ratio (RE) which had reached 98.3 percent in the third quarter

of 2018. This achievement was supported by the expansion of

the electricity distribution network, the development, and

utilization of new and renewable energy (EBT) including

through the development of small-scale EBT, the application of

smartgrid , and the use of biofuels. The access to other energy

sources, such as gas, has also been expanded. Until 2018, a total

of 463,643 gas networks have been built (cumulative) for

households and 10,942.48 km (cumulative) for transmission

and distribution pipelines. The use of natural gas for domestic

needs is also quite good with the Domestic Market Obligation

(

DMO) reaching 61 percent of natural gas production in 2018

12).

Although some indicators show positive achievements, the

management of various economic resources in the future still

needs to be improved. In the management of food resources, for

example, (1) the connection between food production centers

and areas with high food demand still needs to be strengthened,

and (2) adequate supply and quality of food in vulnerable

regions of hunger, stunting, poverty and borders need to be

more focused in food management. The management of water

reserves also needs to be improved. National water reserves are

actually still in the safe category. However, special attention

needs to be given to water reserves in Java that have entered a

rare status, and in the Bali-Nusa Tenggara region which is

already stressed. The improvements also need to be made for

water quality which has tended to decline since 2015 (13-16).

016, with the contribution of exports reaching USD 19.9

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Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques

2020, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages: 853-856

billion or 13.8 percent of total exports. The number of workers

absorbed in the creative economy sector also increased from

the key to accelerate the development of industrial estates and

tourism zones as new growth centers outside Java.

5.5 million people in 2014 to 17.4 million people in 2017. The

The improvement of governance was also shown in

improving the quality of data and information. The Economic

Census conducted in 2016 has provided the foundation for

economic analysis and the business world for future

development. The improvement of quality of rice production

data in 2016 has also become the basis to improve the food

policy. The structuring of maritime, tourism, creative economy,

and investment data are also carried out to improve the

accuracy of the development targets achievement and the basis

for policy making.

achievement of exports and creative economy workers has

exceeded the targets in the 2015-2019 RPJMN (31-35).

The Digital Realm Accelerates and Economic

Growth

The digital realm accelerates its encroachment into nearly

every aspect of our lives. While Bitcoin, a decentralized digital

DP) or crypto currency (CC) was first introduced in 2009, it

(

was not until Facebook made a spectacular announcement in

June 2019 that their Company was preparing to launch the

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