2020, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages: 17-23
J. Environ. Treat. Tech.
ISSN: 2309-1185
Journal web link: http://www.jett.dormaj.com
https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/9(1)23
Estimation of Metal Ions in Various Soil Samples in
Relation to Crop Production (Wheat, Mustard,
Barley) at Different Region of Dehradun India
1
2
3
4
M. Amin Mir , Muhammad Waqar Ashraf , MMS Jassal , Maythem Mahmud
1
Assistant Research Professor, Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
2
Dean Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
3
Assistant Professor DAV (PG) College Dehradun, India
4Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
Received: 06/01/2020
Accepted: 13/04/2020
Published: 20/12/2020
Abstract
Metals in the form of salts or as such have a profound effect on development and growth of crops. Various soil samples at different
regions of Dehradun (India) have been analysed analytically for the concentration of various metal ions in relation to the growth and
development of wheat, mustard and barley. The various metal ions have been found in a good concentration range at which the concerned
crops could show maximum growth and development. The concentration of various salts like phosphate ion as determined
-
spectrophotometrically was found to be in between 0.732 to 1.610, for NO
3
the concentration was found in between 0.210 to 0.998 mg/kg,
2
-
and the concentration of NO
2
was found to be 0.138 to 0.475 mg/kg. The metal ions were determined analytically and the concentration
of various metals like Pb was found in the range of 0.101 - 0.265 mg/kg, Zn in the range of 0.047 – 0.175 mg/kg, Cu in the range of 0.015
0.101 mg/kg and the concentration of Fe was found in the range of 0.120 – 0.462 mg/kg. Na, K, Li and Ba were analysed by flame-
2+
–
photometry and the concentration of Na was found in the range 0.10- 0.47 ppm, K in the range of 0.70 – 2.4 ppm, Li 0.00 – 0.01 ppm and
the Ba in the range of 0.00 – 0.03 ppm. Also the data reveals the distributions of heavy metals in the agricultural land of the concerned
region and can be used to estimate the risks associated with the consumption of crops grown on such soils. So the soil samples which have
been examined can be opted for the production of various crops as the soil samples show a good quality and quantity of various mineral
ions. The Dehradun in total bears a good range of forests and soil is rich of various types of mineral salts so could be used for the growth of
multiple crops.
Keywords: Metal Ions, Wheat, Mustard, Barley, Flame-photometry, Analytical
1
concentration of various heavy metals is not confirmed in various
1
Introduction
soils, but land disposal of wastes in the soil effects the crop
production due accumulation of heavy metals (5, 6). Livestock
manure is a good organic fertilizer that contains all types of
nutrients such as amino acids, nucleic acids, sugars, and
vitamins, in addition is a good source of organic matter, nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium, and some micronutrients (1, 7). The soil
fertility can be increased by recycling of livestock manure which
leads to increase in the productivity of crops (2, 8) by improving
the soil properties (9), enhancing the ability of nutrients and their
retention (10), and by step to step improvement in the soil
nutrients (11), which also leads to the availability of manure to
plants (12).
Presently the agricultural system the use of manures has
attracted more attention for its sustainable development (13).
Researchers have mentioned that together use of organic manure
and chemical fertilizers could have more results for combating
nutrient depletion and for crop production (14). Jiang et al. (15)
mentioned that direct application of manure increases the crop
Environment is sum total of surroundings within which
humans exist. The environment is made up of: the land, the water
and the atmosphere of the earth; microorganisms, plant and
animal life. The combination of the items on this list and the
interrelationships among and between them, the physical,
chemical, aesthetic and cultural properties and conditions of the
foregoing that influence the human health and well-being does
come under the study of environment. The environment is also
characterised by the number of spheres that influence its behavior
and intrinsic value, among which the most important sphere is
biosphere because it harbours the living organisms. This is the
sphere where you find living organisms (plants and animals)
interacting with each and their nonliving environment (soil, air
and water).
Metals in both in aquatic and terrestrial environment are
important for the growth and development of all types of plants
1, 2 & 3). However, at some locations the soil gets contaminated
(
with various non-essential metals by humans (4). The toxic
Corresponding author: M. Amin Mir, Assistant Research Professor, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences PMU University
Al Khobar Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: mohdaminmir@gmail.com, Telephone: +91-9897635334 and +966-506105478
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